Read and answer the question: THE ARTIST’S TRAINING Artists and their works belong to specific places and times. Through their works artists interpret their societies to their own generation. At the same time, they distill the essence of their time and place for later generations. An illustration by Norman Rockwell perfectly captures the quality of life in rural, small-town America in the first half of the 20th century. The great rose window of the cathedral at Chartres vividly depicts the objects of belief for 12th-century Christians. Eero Saarinen’s Trans World Airlines terminal at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City symbolizes the technology and adventure of flight. As artists are products of their time, they are also individuals with special talents, who in most cases have devoted significant portions of their lives to training and to sharpening their skills. Today it is possible to study the arts in a college or university. There are also specialized schools of architecture, music, design, and other arts. These educational institutions are a fairly modern development, mostly from the mid-19th century. From ancient times through the 16th century, artists were trained by other artists in their workshops or studios. The artist became an apprentice as a young teenager and did the most manual labor tasks around the studio before being trained in the more difficult tasks of an art or craft. The normal period of service was seven years. By the 17th century, however, the early academies had begun to flourish as training centers. These academies became a vital force in the instruction of young artists, and they exerted a powerful influence on the development of the arts generally. Because the academies limited their enrollments, they created artistic elites within their countries. They also set standards of taste for whole societies. Reactions against the monopoly of the academies arose in the 19th century. In London the government-sponsored School of Design opened in 1837. In 1852 the Victoria and Albert Museum was founded, and at the same time a number of other art schools were set up by the government. The combination of museum and art school took hold in other countries as well. A basic part of the artist’s training was painting imitations of the old masters in museums. Through its influence, schools of art that embraced its methods and ideals were incorporated into colleges and universities, especially in the United States. Arrange the jumbled text according to the plan. Schools of art as a part of the education system. Becoming an artist required an extended apprenticeship. Artists absorb the prevailing ideas, beliefs, and techniques of their generation. The academies and their role.
🧠 Тематика вопроса:
Курс исследует развитие дизайна через призму исторических стилей, технологических достижений и культурных изменений. Анализируются ключевые направления, школы и мастера, повлиявшие на формирование визуального языка. Особое внимание уделяется взаимосвязи искусства, промышленности и общества, что позволяет глубже понять современные тренды. Практические задания направлены на развитие критического мышления и умения применять исторический опыт в творческих проектах.
Варианты ответа:
- 2-3-4-1
- 2-3-1-4
- 2-4-3-1
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