Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выберите правильный ответ к предлагаемым ниже вопросам France is often perceived as a nation of contrasts and exceptions. The French are perpetually engaged in a process of modernization. Innovative ideas, new technologies, brash new departures in architecture, all are welcomed yet translated into a characteristically French idiom. France as a country leans towards long-term planning, yet French managers are adaptable, willing to accept change and have a reputation for rapid, improvised solutions. Moreover, the French are markedly individualistic yet have a strong tendency to centralize decision making. The role of the centralized state in coordinating and directing economic growth and development - so-called dirigisme - has been crucial to the post-war success which has transformed France from an economic backwater into a leading industrial nation, whose gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is seventh highest in the world and the third highest in Europe. France is often seen as the home of protectionism and interventionist industrial policy. Indeed, the state-industry partnership has produced excellent results in select fields such as high-speed trains, Concorde, Airbus, Ariane or Minitel. However, although this interpretation highlights a traditional French preference for institutional solutions promising order and logic rather than the vagaries of market mechanisms, it exaggerates the power of the French state per se. A specific management style for both the economy and firms can be seen as a result of an extensive intermeshing of the political, administrative and business do-mains. Such a style allows solutions which may be seen as characteristically French solutions and which have few parallels around the globe. The role of the centralized state was crucial for:

• the economic growth of the post war France;
• European Union per capita income;
• Gross national product as the highest in Europe.

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